esp8266: flash del firmware binario (.bin) compilato e firmato – 1

Renzo Mischianti

3 anni fa

esp8266 flash firmware binaro compilate e firmato

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Una caratteristica importante che semplifica la condivisione del firmware (ed è utilizzata dalla maggior parte dei produttori) è quella di generare file binari precompilati con solo la parte dello sketch (o file system).

esp8266 flash firmware and filesystem binary (.bin) compiled with GUI tools

Puoi compilare e generare codice sorgente per il tuo dispositivo, ma puoi anche generare un file binario per il filesystem. In questo articolo vedremo come generare il file binario del firmware e come firmarlo.

Io di solito utilizzo questi microcontrollori esp8266 WeMos D1 mini - NodeMCU V2 V2.1 V3 - esp01 - esp01 programmer

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Aggiungere un output dettagliato all’IDE di Arduino

Per comprendere meglio tutto il processo, abiliteremo l’output dettagliato sul nostro IDE Arduino. Puoi trovare queste opzioni su File -> Preferences e controllare Show verbose output.

Questo ci permette di prendere e riutilizzare i comandi della console.

Generare e caricare file BIN

Quindi, quando caricheremo uno sketch sul mio WeMos D1 mini, questo sarà l’output.

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -dump-prefs -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\renzo\OneDrive\Documenti\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=esp8266:esp8266:d1_mini:xtal=80,vt=flash,exception=legacy,ssl=all,eesz=4M2M,ip=lm2f,dbg=Disabled,lvl=None____,wipe=all,baud=921600 -vid-pid=1A86_7523 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351 -warnings=all -build-cache C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3-3.7.2-post1.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs-2.5.0-4-fe5bb56.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -verbose D:\tmp\sketch_nov17a\Blink\Blink.ino
C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -compile -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\renzo\OneDrive\Documenti\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=esp8266:esp8266:d1_mini:xtal=80,vt=flash,exception=legacy,ssl=all,eesz=4M2M,ip=lm2f,dbg=Disabled,lvl=None____,wipe=all,baud=921600 -vid-pid=1A86_7523 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351 -warnings=all -build-cache C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3-3.7.2-post1.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs-2.5.0-4-fe5bb56.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -verbose D:\tmp\sketch_nov17a\Blink\Blink.ino
Using board 'd1_mini' from platform in folder: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4
Using core 'esp8266' from platform in folder: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4
Detecting libraries used...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -w -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -w -x c++ -E -CC -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE
Generating function prototypes...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -w -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -w -x c++ -E -CC -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp" -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE
"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\tools-builder\\ctags\\5.8-arduino11/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"
Compiling sketch...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/signing.py" --mode header --publickey "D:\\tmp\\sketch_nov17a\\Blink/public.key" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core/Updater_Signing.h"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -Wall -Wextra -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp.o"
Compiling libraries...
Compiling core...
Using precompiled core: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846\core\core_30630af74b8550042c50502f76f7e7b7.a
Linking everything together...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc" -CC -E -P -DVTABLES_IN_FLASH "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/ld/eagle.app.v6.common.ld.h" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc" -fno-exceptions -Wl,-Map "-Wl,C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.map" -g -Wall -Wextra -Os -nostdlib -Wl,--no-check-sections -u app_entry -u _printf_float -u _scanf_float -Wl,-static "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lib" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lib/NONOSDK22x_190703" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/ld" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/lib" -Teagle.flash.4m2m.ld -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-wrap,system_restart_local -Wl,-wrap,spi_flash_read -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" -Wl,--start-group "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp.o" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_cache_251846\\core\\core_30630af74b8550042c50502f76f7e7b7.a" -lhal -lphy -lpp -lnet80211 -llwip2-536-feat -lwpa -lcrypto -lmain -lwps -lbearssl -laxtls -lespnow -lsmartconfig -lairkiss -lwpa2 -lstdc++ -lm -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/elf2bin.py" --eboot "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/bootloaders/eboot/eboot.elf" --app "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 40 --flash_size 4M --path "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin"
Creating BIN file "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin" using "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/bootloaders/eboot/eboot.elf" and "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/signing.py" --mode sign --privatekey "D:\\tmp\\sketch_nov17a\\Blink/private.key" --bin "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.signed" --legacy "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.legacy_sig"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sizes.py" --elf "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" --path "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin"
Executable segment sizes:
IROM   : 228624          - code in flash         (default or ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR) 
IRAM   : 26756   / 32768 - code in IRAM          (ICACHE_RAM_ATTR, ISRs...) 
DATA   : 1248  )         - initialized variables (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
RODATA : 688   ) / 81920 - constants             (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
BSS    : 24880 )         - zeroed variables      (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-size" -A "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf"
Sketch uses 257316 bytes (24%) of program storage space. Maximum is 1044464 bytes.
Global variables use 26816 bytes (32%) of dynamic memory, leaving 55104 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 81920 bytes.
C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1/python3 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/tools/upload.py --chip esp8266 --port COM17 --baud 921600 erase_flash --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash 0x0 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin 
esptool.py v2.8
Serial port COM17
Connecting....
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: 50:02:91:74:fe:11
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Changing baud rate to 460800
Changed.
Configuring flash size...
Auto-detected Flash size: 4MB
Erasing flash (this may take a while)...
Chip erase completed successfully in 9.8s
Compressed 261472 bytes to 193134...
Wrote 261472 bytes (193134 compressed) at 0x00000000 in 4.6 seconds (effective 453.5 kbit/s)...
Hash of data verified.

Leaving...
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

Ora dobbiamo analizzare il comando, questo è fatto con l’opzione Erase All Flash.

C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1/python3 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/tools/upload.py --chip esp8266 --port COM17 --baud 921600 erase_flash --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash 0x0 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin

Per prima cosa osserviamo che il componente principale del core esp8266 necessita dell’installazione di python e durante l’installazione ricorda di aggiungerlo alla path base (per Windows)

ESP Tools Install Python and add It to path

upload.py o esptool.py

Nella tua installazione dell’Arduino IDE puoi trovare il file upload.py che è lo stesso di esptool.py.

Puoi installare esptool.py per python con un semplice comando

pip install esptool

oppure puoi scaricare da qui la versione compilata, ricordati di aggiungere l’eseguibile al percorso.

Quindi se avvii esptool sul tuo cmd hai queste informazioni

D:\Projects\Arduino\sloeber-workspace-OTA\keys>esptool
esptool.py v3.1
usage: esptool [-h]
               [--chip {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3beta3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta}]
               [--port PORT] [--baud BAUD]
               [--before {default_reset,usb_reset,no_reset,no_reset_no_sync}]
               [--after {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}]
               [--no-stub] [--trace] [--override-vddsdio [{1.8V,1.9V,OFF}]]
               [--connect-attempts CONNECT_ATTEMPTS]
               {load_ram,dump_mem,read_mem,write_mem,write_flash,run,image_info,make_image,elf2image,read_mac,chip_id,flash_id,read_flash_status,write_flash_status,read_flash,verify_flash,erase_flash,erase_region,merge_bin,version,get_security_info}
               ...

esptool.py v3.1 - ESP8266 ROM Bootloader Utility

positional arguments:
  {load_ram,dump_mem,read_mem,write_mem,write_flash,run,image_info,make_image,elf2image,read_mac,chip_id,flash_id,read_flash_status,write_flash_status,read_flash,verify_flash,erase_flash,erase_region,merge_bin,version,get_security_info}
                        Run esptool {command} -h for additional help
    load_ram            Download an image to RAM and execute
    dump_mem            Dump arbitrary memory to disk
    read_mem            Read arbitrary memory location
    write_mem           Read-modify-write to arbitrary memory location
    write_flash         Write a binary blob to flash
    run                 Run application code in flash
    image_info          Dump headers from an application image
    make_image          Create an application image from binary files
    elf2image           Create an application image from ELF file
    read_mac            Read MAC address from OTP ROM
    chip_id             Read Chip ID from OTP ROM
    flash_id            Read SPI flash manufacturer and device ID
    read_flash_status   Read SPI flash status register
    write_flash_status  Write SPI flash status register
    read_flash          Read SPI flash content
    verify_flash        Verify a binary blob against flash
    erase_flash         Perform Chip Erase on SPI flash
    erase_region        Erase a region of the flash
    merge_bin           Merge multiple raw binary files into a single file for
                        later flashing
    version             Print esptool version
    get_security_info   Get some security-related data

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --chip {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3beta3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta}, -c {auto,esp8266,esp32,esp32s2,esp32s3beta2,esp32s3beta3,esp32c3,esp32c6beta}
                        Target chip type
  --port PORT, -p PORT  Serial port device
  --baud BAUD, -b BAUD  Serial port baud rate used when flashing/reading
  --before {default_reset,usb_reset,no_reset,no_reset_no_sync}
                        What to do before connecting to the chip
  --after {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}, -a {hard_reset,soft_reset,no_reset,no_reset_stub}
                        What to do after esptool.py is finished
  --no-stub             Disable launching the flasher stub, only talk to ROM
                        bootloader. Some features will not be available.
  --trace, -t           Enable trace-level output of esptool.py interactions.
  --override-vddsdio [{1.8V,1.9V,OFF}]
                        Override ESP32 VDDSDIO internal voltage regulator (use
                        with care)
  --connect-attempts CONNECT_ATTEMPTS
                        Number of attempts to connect, negative or 0 for
                        infinite. Default: 7.

Parametri della riga di comando

Ora possiamo capire meglio il parametro del comando con il parametro Erase All Flash Content :

--chip esp8266: qui andremo a selezionare il chip corretto;
--port COM17: impostiamo la porta;
--baud 921600: qui abbiamo la velocità di trasferimento;
erase_flash: esegue la cancellazione del chip su flash SPI (cancella tutte le informazioni);
--before default_reset: operazione di pre-caricamento;
--after hard_reset: operazione di post-caricamento;
write_flash: scrive un blob binario su flash;
0x0 <binary file>: scrivi il file a un indirizzo specifico.

Se selezioniamo il parametro Erase Sketch and WiFi Settings il comando generato diventa:

C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1/python3 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/tools/upload.py --chip esp8266 --port COM17 --baud 921600 erase_region 0x3FC000 0x4000 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash 0x0 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin

e ora abbiamo un nuovo parametro:

erase_region 0x3FC000 0x4000: che va a cancellare tutte le informazioni WiFi memorizzate sul dispositivo.

se andiamo a selezionare Only Sketch il comando diventa più semplice:

C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1/python3 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/tools/upload.py --chip esp8266 --port COM17 --baud 921600 --before default_reset --after hard_reset write_flash 0x0 C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin

Genera solo il file binario

Come per i file HEX Arduino, possiamo generare solo il file binario, prima apri il codice sorgente sul tuo IDE Arduino, compilalo per verificare gli errori e quindi seleziona Sketch -> Export compiled Binary,

esp8266 esp32 Arduino Export compiled binary IDE menu

quindi facendo clic su Sketch -> Show Sketch Folder puoi guardare cosa è successo.

Troviamo un nuovo file Blink.ino.d1_mini.bin che è il nostro file binario compilato, che può essere utilizzato per l’aggiornamento OTA o per condividere il firmware precompilato per semplificare il processo di flash per altre persone.

Generare un file binario firmato per aggiornamenti OTA sicuri

Quando condividi il tuo hardware puoi avere la necessità che nessun altro vada a manipolare il tuo dispositivo, per farlo puoi generare file binari firmati che utilizzano la crittografia a chiave pubblica per evitare qualsiasi manipolazione.

La crittografia a chiave pubblica , o crittografia asimmetrica , è un sistema crittografico che utilizza coppie di chiavi: ciascuna coppia è costituita da una chiave pubblica (che può essere nota ad altri) e una chiave privata (che potrebbe non essere nota a nessuno tranne che al proprietario). La generazione di tali coppie di chiavi dipende da algoritmi crittografici basati su problemi matematici denominati funzioni unidirezionali. Una sicurezza efficace richiede di mantenere privata la chiave privata; la chiave pubblica può essere distribuita apertamente senza compromettere la sicurezza. (cit.)

Generare chiave pubblica e privata

Per farlo devi generare 2 chiavi: privata e pubblica, e ti serve un programma come openssl, puoi scaricare la versione linux da tutti i gestori di pacchetti, oppure scaricarla per windows da qui, per usarla con più semplicità aggiungilo al bin pah.

Ora possiamo generare la chiave privata

openssl genrsa -out private.key 2048

E la relativa chiave pubblica

openssl rsa -in private.key -outform PEM -pubout -out public.key

Ora se copiamo private.key e public.key nella cartella sketch e rieseguiamo Sketch -> Export Compiled Binary trovi nella console questo output:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -dump-prefs -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\renzo\OneDrive\Documenti\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=esp8266:esp8266:d1_mini:xtal=80,vt=flash,exception=legacy,ssl=all,eesz=4M2M,ip=lm2f,dbg=Disabled,lvl=None____,wipe=sdk,baud=921600 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351 -warnings=all -build-cache C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3-3.7.2-post1.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs-2.5.0-4-fe5bb56.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -verbose D:\tmp\sketch_nov17a\Blink\Blink.ino
C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\arduino-builder -compile -logger=machine -hardware C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware -hardware C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\tools-builder -tools C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr -tools C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages -built-in-libraries C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries -libraries C:\Users\renzo\OneDrive\Documenti\Arduino\libraries -fqbn=esp8266:esp8266:d1_mini:xtal=80,vt=flash,exception=legacy,ssl=all,eesz=4M2M,ip=lm2f,dbg=Disabled,lvl=None____,wipe=sdk,baud=921600 -ide-version=10813 -build-path C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351 -warnings=all -build-cache C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846 -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.python3-3.7.2-post1.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\python3\3.7.2-post1 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mkspiffs-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mkspiffs\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc-2.5.0-4-b40a506.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\2.5.0-4-b40a506 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -prefs=runtime.tools.mklittlefs-2.5.0-4-fe5bb56.path=C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\tools\mklittlefs\2.5.0-4-fe5bb56 -verbose D:\tmp\sketch_nov17a\Blink\Blink.ino
Using board 'd1_mini' from platform in folder: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4
Using core 'esp8266' from platform in folder: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4
Detecting libraries used...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -w -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -w -x c++ -E -CC -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o nul -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE
Generating function prototypes...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -w -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -w -x c++ -E -CC -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp" -DARDUINO_LIB_DISCOVERY_PHASE
"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Arduino\\tools-builder\\ctags\\5.8-arduino11/ctags" -u --language-force=c++ -f - --c++-kinds=svpf --fields=KSTtzns --line-directives "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\preproc\\ctags_target_for_gcc_minus_e.cpp"
Compiling sketch...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/signing.py" --mode header --publickey "D:\\tmp\\sketch_nov17a\\Blink/public.key" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core/Updater_Signing.h"
Enabling binary signing
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-g++" -D__ets__ -DICACHE_FLASH -U__STRICT_ANSI__ "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lwip2/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/include" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/core" -c -Wall -Wextra -Os -g -mlongcalls -mtext-section-literals -fno-rtti -falign-functions=4 -std=gnu++11 -MMD -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-exceptions -DNONOSDK22x_190703=1 -DF_CPU=80000000L -DLWIP_OPEN_SRC -DTCP_MSS=536 -DLWIP_FEATURES=1 -DLWIP_IPV6=0 -DARDUINO=10813 -DARDUINO_ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP8266 "-DARDUINO_BOARD=\"ESP8266_WEMOS_D1MINI\"" -DFLASHMODE_DIO -DESP8266 "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\cores\\esp8266" "-IC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4\\variants\\d1_mini" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp.o"
Compiling libraries...
Compiling core...
Using precompiled core: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_cache_251846\core\core_07d6d8ee82de41ce24568b0e46869ffd.a
Linking everything together...
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc" -CC -E -P -DVTABLES_IN_FLASH "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/ld/eagle.app.v6.common.ld.h" -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc" -fno-exceptions -Wl,-Map "-Wl,C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.map" -g -Wall -Wextra -Os -nostdlib -Wl,--no-check-sections -u app_entry -u _printf_float -u _scanf_float -Wl,-static "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lib" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/lib/NONOSDK22x_190703" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/ld" "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sdk/libc/xtensa-lx106-elf/lib" -Teagle.flash.4m2m.ld -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-wrap,system_restart_local -Wl,-wrap,spi_flash_read -o "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" -Wl,--start-group "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351\\sketch\\Blink.ino.cpp.o" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_cache_251846\\core\\core_07d6d8ee82de41ce24568b0e46869ffd.a" -lhal -lphy -lpp -lnet80211 -llwip2-536-feat -lwpa -lcrypto -lmain -lwps -lbearssl -laxtls -lespnow -lsmartconfig -lairkiss -lwpa2 -lstdc++ -lm -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group "-LC:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/elf2bin.py" --eboot "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/bootloaders/eboot/eboot.elf" --app "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" --flash_mode dio --flash_freq 40 --flash_size 4M --path "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin"
Creating BIN file "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin" using "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\esp8266\hardware\esp8266\2.7.4/bootloaders/eboot/eboot.elf" and "C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf"
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/signing.py" --mode sign --privatekey "D:\\tmp\\sketch_nov17a\\Blink/private.key" --bin "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin" --out "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.signed" --legacy "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.legacy_sig"
Signed binary: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.signed
Legacy signed binary: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.legacy_sig
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\python3\\3.7.2-post1/python3" "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\hardware\\esp8266\\2.7.4/tools/sizes.py" --elf "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf" --path "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin"
Executable segment sizes:
IROM   : 228624          - code in flash         (default or ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR) 
IRAM   : 26756   / 32768 - code in IRAM          (ICACHE_RAM_ATTR, ISRs...) 
DATA   : 1248  )         - initialized variables (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
RODATA : 688   ) / 81920 - constants             (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
BSS    : 24880 )         - zeroed variables      (global, static) in RAM/HEAP 
"C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\esp8266\\tools\\xtensa-lx106-elf-gcc\\2.5.0-4-b40a506/bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-size" -A "C:\\Users\\renzo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.elf"
Sketch uses 257316 bytes (24%) of program storage space. Maximum is 1044464 bytes.
Global variables use 26816 bytes (32%) of dynamic memory, leaving 55104 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 81920 bytes.

The line Enabling binary signing tells you that binary signing is enabled, and so you can go to search the 2 line with the pat of binary signed:

La riga Enabling binary signing ti dice che la firma binaria è abilitata, quindi puoi andare a cercare la riga 2 con il path del binario firmato:

Signed binary: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.signed
Legacy signed binary: C:\Users\renzo\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino_build_887351/Blink.ino.bin.legacy_sig

Spiegheremo meglio come utilizzare questi tipi di file in seguito quando parleremo degli aggiornamenti OTA e dei vari tipi di sicurezza che puoi applicare.

Grazie

Firmware and OTA update
- Gestione del firmware
  1. esp8266: flash del firmware binario(.bin) compilato e firmato
  2. esp8266: flash del firmware e file system binario (.bin) compilato con strumenti grafici (GUI)
- Aggiornamenti OTA con Arduino IDE
  1. esp8266 aggiornamenti OTA dall’IDE Arduino: filesystem, firmware firmato e password
- Aggiornamenti OTA con Web Browser
- Aggiornamenti OTA automatico da server HTTP
- Aggiornamenti firmware non standard
  1. esp8266 aggiornamenti del firmware e del filesystem da scheda SD
  2. esp8266 aggiornamenti del firmware e del filesystem con client FTP

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